How to Write an Introduction for Literature Review

Literature Review Examples

Usually, a literature review tin can exist described as an objective, concise, and critical summary of published research literature pertinent to the subject being researched in an commodity. A literature can be an finish in itself (an analysis of what is known nearly a topic) or a prologue to and rationale for engaging in main research.

Basic Guidelines

The following are guidelines on how to write a literature review:

• Organize the literature review around central topics of concepts. Use headings or topic sentences to convey your organizational principle.

• Tell a story most the research. This will assist y'all with your organization.

• Be selective. Incorporate only studies that are pertinent to your subject.

• Synthesize and evaluate.

• Use a summary to assistance the reader to chronicle every department to the wider topic and to clarify your argument's movement. Where have we just been and where are we heading to?

Organizing Tips

When writing your literature review, place groundwork information, for example, explanations of a theoretical model or clinical state of affairs, at sections where information technology will be almost helpful for your readers. For instance, if diverse researchers have utilized a like theoretical approach, define that framework before reviewing those studies.

Split your literature review into segments with appropriate descriptions, following the guidelines of the documentation organisation yous're using. Your outline provides the basis for this division since it has already clustered studies together under headings and subheadings.

Conclude each section in your review with a summary department or paragraph. The summary's length ought to reflect the length of the department. Conclude the whole review with a summary that recaps the most important aspects and findings. This final summary is too the section where you'll brand major comparisons, convey your stance or critique the adequacy of research methods and approaches, and identify inconsistencies. Your critique enables you to end your literature review by posing unanswered questions, proposing approaches upcoming research. If your literature review is an introduction to your study, your critique ought to support the rationale for carrying out the inquiry. Yous'll so state your research question(s) and hypothesis.

Case of a Literature Review Conclusion

Here is an example of a literature review conclusion:

"The objective of this review was to view the trends in composition studies within the past fifty years and meet how commentary on educatee writing has transformed and is still transforming. It'due south clear from the research reviewed that evaluative commentary is widely practiced all through composition programs in universities today. Together with this, information technology's also evident that the field of composition studies in regards to the kinds of commentary that students get on their writing is varied and continues to be examined and analyzed to benefit both composition students and the order at large. Moreover, corrective vs. evaluative commentary is nevertheless being discussed, and continues to be problematic in the discourse customs of college composition and also high schoolhouse writing as viewed in Bardine et al.'due south research." Assisting students to become better writers is important in our current social club with reducing schoolhouse budgets."

Outlining Your Review

Assuming that yous want to compose a literature review concerning the efficiency of curt-term grouping therapy in lowering depression amongst residents of a nursing home. You lot've now done enquiry and compiled a list of the areas covered by your research:

• Pharmacological treatment of depression

• The elderly in nursing homes

• Measurement tools for low

• Utilization of psychotherapy among the elderly

• Depression - causes, behavioral manifestations, and furnishings

• Societal attitudes towards aging

• Impacts of grouping therapy

• Side effects of drugs utilized to treat depression

• Psychological issues in the elderly

A possible outline for the literature review tin be:

• Low in general

  • Causation theories

  • Behavioral manifestation

  • Impacts

• Depression in the elderly, especially in nursing homes (problem and its telescopic)

• Impacts of therapy on depression

  • Long-term - disadvantages

  • Short-term

  • Group

The outline moves from general to specific. As y'all proceed downward the outline, you'll deal with the cloth in ascension depth, simply equally the significance of the data to your project rises.

Concerns about Judgement Level

Expect at how the following literature review case apa impacts readability: sentence strength, focus, placement of citation, active vs. passive voice, and transition.

Original:

"The relationship that exists between motivation and the decision to attain literacy has been examined by Smith (1975), Jones (1983), and Brown (1988). Motivation entails various expectations (Snappe, 1986; Krkel, 1988). A large study done by Amundson (1981) examined the beliefs people entering literacy programs, especially upshot expectations and cocky-efficacy regardless of obstacles. Paape (1979), and in a follow-up project Johnson (1985), examined resistance to motivational efforts or the trend to overlook information most an issue that's hard to acknowledge. A literacy promotion program needs to overcome the inclination to minimize the problem and to help people to believe."

Revision:

"Research suggests that various factors influence an adult' conclusion to obtain literacy. Individuals need to be motivated to make such a determination (Smith, 1975; Jones, 1983; Brown, 1988). Motivation involves at least two types of expectations (Snappe, 1986: Krakel, 1988). One must believe that literacy will positively touch one'due south life (issue expectations) and also ane tin succeed in the endeavor to acquire new skills regardless of obstacles (Amunon, 1981). Other research reveals that when the problem isn't piece of cake to acknowledge, people tend to overlook information about, that is, to resist motivational efforts 9Paape, 1979; Johnson, 1985). All these findings suggest that a literacy promotion program needs to overcome the trend to minimize the problem and to assist people to believe."

Comparison the above literature review example paragraphs ought to demonstrate how some rhetorical choices bear on readability and clarity.

Some guidelines;

• Use headings and topic sentences to inform readers what the subject is and what point the material is contributing to the discussion.

• Practice not merely signal to the existence of literature on the topic; compose about methods or results in the studies you discuss.

• Test sentences for relevance to the chief signal.

• Put citations where they don't distract from the line of idea you lot are presenting.

• Employ agile verbs that are strong and rich in content.

• Make apply of transition words.

Style Tips

• Your tone should exist objective as you lot summarize the enquiry. Don't allow your objectivity to turn your literature review to an annotated bibliography. Instead, point out as you proceed how studies relate to 1 some other (for instance, Smith (1988) and Jones (1990) utilized diverse samples to study the same phenomenon).

• Try to exist analytical. Composing a review is an exercise in comparative thinking. Your critique should be in your final give-and-take, where they will be more efficient and meaning to the reader.

• Connect paragraphs to i another, and link studies inside paragraphs. Try to make your literature review attractive by coming up with the topic judgement of each paragraph in a style that information technology achieves ii things: it hooks in a way to the previous paragraph and as well reveals what this new paragraph will be about, for case; "In dissimilarity to these studies, which have tried to measure out the amount of stress a person is subjected to, various researchers are at present concentrating on a person'due south perception of demanding life events."

These connections may demand to be made inside a paragraph and as well among a group of paragraphs, for instance, "Jones (1989) and Smith (1991) were amongst the offset persons to investigate the impacts of abuse towards children... Similar Jones, Smith also utilized the State-Trait Inventory simply incorporated males in his sample" or "Lee'south studies of learned vulnerability support this written report'southward view of modification of behavior as state of affairs-specific."

• Select verbs that precisely draw what the inquiry did; hypothesized, questioned, developed, executed, measured, tested, and modified take divergent meanings.

• Use direct quotes sparingly. They take upward more space than sentences constructed to recap the original. Quotations my comprise concept and vocabulary not familiar to the reader.

• Utilize verb tenses appropriately. Use the past tense to recap studies and procedures, for instance, "At least a third of those sampled in one study said that they would both reject socially and dread violence from someone exhibiting behaviors associated with diverse mental illnesses." Use the nowadays perfect tense to suggest that something has happened more than than once in the past and may exist continuing; for instance, "In the last twenty years, researchers have often concentrated on the effects of posttraumatic stress disorder." Moreover, use the present tense to define theory and instruments, (for instance,"Developmental undertakings are key to Piaget's theory"), to discuss and critique (for case,"The utilization of cocky-report has 2 main drawbacks"), and to generalize (for example"These findings imply that adult learners prefer self-evaluation"). In improver, employ the active and passive voice correctly. The active voice ("Jennifer repeated the test with three samples") is not as wordy every bit the passive vocalism ("This test was repeated with three samples by Jennifer"). Notwithstanding, it'south good to use the passive vocalization when the object is more important than the field of study (for example,"The players from the senior squad were shown the video"); when the bailiwick is unknown ("This phenomenon was first defined in line with xviii ^thursday century standards"); when it wouldn't be a skilful idea to place the subject area ("The kickoff fix of information wasn't correctly coded"); and when putting the object earlier the subject field more lucidly connects to a previous sentence or paragraph ("...screen techniques that increase job satisfaction. These techniques were besides assessed..."). Overuse of the passive vocalisation implies that inquiry is happening by itself and the reader volition exist confused most who'south doing what.

Don'ts of Writing a Literature Review

• Citing supportive sources only - It is crucial that yous also mention those studies that contradict your stance. In other words, mention some dissenting studies and explain why they deviate from your thinking.

• Using non-scholarly articles.

• Depending on direct quotations - Even though it's okay to include directly quotations, don't depend on them besides much.

• Composing a narrowly-focused literature review.

Conclusion

If you lot want to know more well-nigh how to write a literature review, the information above volition greatly assist you. Remember, a literature review can be termed equally discursive prose, not a listing summarizing several pieces of literature. Organize your review into segments that present themes or pinpoint trends, including pertinent theory. Your job isn't to listing all published fabric; it's to synthesize and examine it in line with the guiding concept of your enquiry question or thesis.

To see how these tips are brought to life, go through an case of literature review. Contact us today for some literature review samples.

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